Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Society. History. Modernity

Crisis of M. S. Gorbachev's perestroika policy in the journals’ assessments of the «third wave» of emigration from the USSR

Antoshin Alexey Valerievich — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article is devoted to the period of crisis of the perestroika policy initiated by M. S. Gorbachev. The purpose of the article is to analyze the perception of the socio-economic and political processes of the USSR development in 1990–1991 by representatives of the anti-communist emigration. The source base of the article is materials of the émigré press (journals «Continent», «Strana i Mir», etc.), as well as unpublished sources from the funds of the Archive of the former St. Petersburg Research Center «Memorial». The author comes to the conclusion that the anti-communist emigration, closely following the developments in the USSR, has no illusions about the prospects for democratization in the country. By 1990 the leading émigré periodicals concluded that M. S. Gorbachev's strategy had failed and the country was sliding into chaos and anarchy.

Activity of social protection authorities in preventing neglect and homelessness of minors in Russia at the end of the twentieth century

Brazhnikov Sergey Aleksandrovich — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article is devoted to the study of the work of social protection agencies for the prevention of child, adolescent and youth neglect and homelessness in the specific historical conditions prevailing in the Russian Federation in 1991–1999. A comprehensive analysis of the totality of the sources involved in the study allowed us to show a picture of the modernization of the social protection system during the formation of the new Russian statehood. The results obtained as a result of the study characterize at the national level the place and role of social protection agencies in the system of prevention of neglect and homelessness of minors, reflect the degree of effectiveness and problematic aspects of their functioning, including within the framework of the implementation of the Federal program «Children of Russia».

From the crisis of the state to the crisis of the society: socio-political and routine life of Perm province in the first half of 1919

Dolgova Anzhela Valeriyevna — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article analyzes the socio-political and routine life of the Perm province in the first half of 1919. Particular attention in the research is given to the restoration of local authorities and the people's militia, which has not received full coverage in historiography. The purpose of the work is to study the results of the influence of the administrative activities of these authorities on the life of society, relying on unpublished sources from the funds of the State Archives of Perm Region, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time – reports of the Perm city police, reports of the chief of the Ekaterinburg police, incident reports, reports of district managers to the Governor of Perm province, orders for the Perm garrison. The theoretical basis of the research is a combination of institutional and anthropological approaches with methods of content analysis, problem-chronological and statistical. Based on the results, a special role of the Governor of Perm province N. P. Chistoserdov in the socio-political life of the region in the studied period is noted, contradictions of the legal framework and personnel policy of local authorities are highlighted; the relations between the acute crisis of the routine life against the background of the state political destabilization and the moral decay of society is emphasized.

Development of Russian federalism in the 1990s (on the example of the Altai Territory)

Novikov Mikhail Sergeyevich — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the framework of the presented article, the author analyzes the process of acquiring the current status of the Altai Territory paying special attention to the 1990s, when this process took place in parallel with the formation of federalism in the Russian Federation.

Based on the available scientific developments and introducing a wide range of sources into circulation, the author identifies features of development of federalism in the Altai Territory as part transformations of the system of socio-political and economic relations.

The Altai Territory had a developed agriculture, huge prospects in the development of hydroelectric power, mining and processing industries, clearly manifested national gradation that had worsened due to the transition to market relations.

During the period of federalization of the Russian Federation, society and elite put forward ideas to preserve ecological situation, to detriment of the development of hydroelectric power, mining and processing industry.

Society and elite quite purposefully sought to prevent the construction of hydraulic structures on Katun River and conduct of geological exploration activities.

During the period of economic reforms in the Russian Federation, local society and the elite consciously supported leftist ideas and the preservation of agriculture, which led to the victories of the red-green coalition.

As a result of federalization and economic reforms in the Altai Territory, it is possible to achieve the formation of the Altai Republic and its reconstruction, avoid the industrial development of the region with all the advantages and disadvantages of this process, and prevent the collapse of large agricultural industries.

Socio-demographic portrait of the officers of the 7th Kamyshlovsky (27th Kamyshlovsko-Orovaysky) mountain rifles regiment

Silchenko Ivan Sergeyevich — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The paper analyzes the socio-demographic characteristics of the officers of the anti-Bolshevik formation in the Urals during the Civil War – the 7th Kamyshlovsky (27th Kamyshlovsko–Orovaysky) mountain rifles regiment. The research is based on unpublished sources from the collections of the Russian State Military Archive and the Russian State Military Historical Archive. Aspects such as age, combat experience, service life, education, marital status and religious affiliation of officers have been studied in detail. These data are compared with all-Russian trends, which made it possible to identify both common and specific features of the command staff of the considered formation of the white army. In the final part of the work, the collective portrait of a White Guard officer is recreated on the example considered, and the prospects for research in this direction are outlined.

Pre-revolutionary image of Omsk: photoanalytical reconstruction

Chikanova Natalya Aleksandrovna — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of the article is to reconstruct the visual image of Omsk in pre-revolutionary photographs. The article analyzes the main subjects of the life and history of the city, captured on photographic sources: city gates, ethnic and religious relations, economic development, military affairs, education, infrastructure (transport, postal services, trade), rivers. Based on the data on optical techniques for creating photographs, their content, circulation, methods of distribution, and target audience, trends in the image of Omsk and Omsk on pre-revolutionary photographic sources are identified.

Children of persons deprived of voting rights in rural areas of Western Siberia during the process of restoring voting rights (on the example of the districts of Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions)

Kozhaeva Albina Alekseevna — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Constitution of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic adopted on July 10, 1918 at the V All-Russian Congress of Soviets, defined seven categories of persons who were denied voting rights. Over time, however, the campaign of deprivation of voting right became more stringent and expanded due to the appearance of new categories. This article focuses on the analysis of petitions for the restoration of rights for one of the most prevalent groups of socially disadvantaged people, namely, the children of individuals denied voting rights. The study uses archival documents from four rural regions in Western Siberia as a basis. Using a range of ego documents, the strategies employed by children of the persons deprived of voting rights in their petitions. These strategies can be divided into four groups based on their approach: 1) children who refused to communicate with their parents; 2) children who justified their parents' actions but don’t support them; 3) children who actively defended their parents; 4) children who considered discrimination against their entire family to be justified. The author of the article highlights the significant role of labor descriptions and loyalty demonstrations towards the Soviet government in petitions submitted by children of persons deprived of voting rights.

Russian emigrant press about the border conflict on Damansky Island in 1969

Kulepanova–Shugaylo Tatyana Sergeevna, Kulepanov Ruslan Vladimirovich — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article is devoted to the perception of the Sino-Soviet conflict on Damansky Island in 1969, as well as international relations between the USSR and China during this period by representatives of the Russian diaspora. The indicated issue has not received due coverage in historiography. The authors have analyzed publications of major émigré press of various political colors published in the 20th century on different continents. The theoretical basis of the study is a combination of the institutional approach and the problematic method. The analysis of these sources made it possible to identify a wide range of opinions on the developing Sino-Soviet conflict among supporters of different socio-political views in the Russian diaspora – monarchists, liberal democrats and pro-Soviet émigrés. Anti-communists of the Russian diaspora viewed the foreign policy of the USSR through the prism of anti-Soviet ideology. Representatives of the White émigré community adhered to imperial views and called on the USSR leadership to preserve the territorial unity of the country. Position of the pro-Soviet newspaper «Russky Golos» stood out, advocating for the resumption of friendship between the USSR and the China.

For the Anniversary of Ruslan Grigorievich Gagkuev

Sushko Alexey Vladimirovich — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The work is a review of the scientific and social activities of the Doctor of Historical Sciences, Chairman of the Board of the Russian Historical Society, Executive Director of the History of the Fatherland Foundation – Ruslan Grigorievich Gagkuev. The article analyzes the works of the historian and assesses his organizational contribution to the development of historical knowledge and, in particular, to the historiography of the Civil War in Russia. The activities of Ruslan Grigorievich on the development of historical science in the Omsk region are described.

Vasily Kirey: «Ukrainian General» in Wrangel's Crimea

Chemakin Anton Aleksandrovich — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article is devoted to a little-studied aspect of the biography of the Russian artilleryman Major General Vasily Fadeevich Kirey (1879–1942), related to his political work in Wrangel's Crimea in 1920. The research is based on unpublished sources from the collections of seven archives, as well as press materials and memoirs. Interpreting them using an anthropological approach, problem-chronological and biographical methods, the author reconstructs the biography of General Kirey with an emphasis on his activities as a general for assignments on Ukrainian affairs (“Ukrainian general”) under the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of South Russia, as well as his role as an emissary in negotiations with Petliurists.

Role and influence of federal control (supervision) on ensuring labour and equipment safety at the current stage of economic development (on the example of the Omsk region)

Baranov Yuri Vladimirovich, Filippov Dmitry Yurievich — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article considers the current state of control over labour and equipment safety implemented by such federal executive authorities as Rostechnadzor and Rostrud and their role in ensuring labour and equipment safety. As a result, common aspects in the implementation of control and supervisory activities have been identified and the decrease in the influence of federal control (supervision) has been determined on the background of a moratorium on planned inspections. In this relation, recommendations on reorganization of the existing system of control (supervision) over labour and equipment safety are proposed.

Types, placement platforms and trends in the contextual advertising as a marketing tool in the digitalization conditions

Borovskikh Nina Vladimirovna — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The relevance of the research is due to the fact that in the context of information technology development and transformation of the marketing complex contextual advertising continues to be one of the main elements of digital marketing communications of enterprises. The aims are to analyze the types of contextual advertising and substantiate the prospects of its development as a tool of digital marketing communications. The objectives are to analyze the processes of digitalization of enterprise marketing activities, to assess the digital platforms for digital advertising, and to identify trends in the contextual advertising development. The result of the study is the identification of trends and prospects for the domestic contextual advertising market.

Pricing policy in the context of technological interaction: a scenario approach

Miller Alexander Emelianovich — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research is aimed at substantiating the problematic issues that reveal the possibilities of scenario options for the development of pricing policy in the conditions of technological interaction. The considered methodological approaches of applying different variants of pricing policy allowed us to identify the main parameters of the participants of technological interaction: the use of resources, profit and price variability, the ratio of supply and demand in the market of production goods. Based on taking into account the features of the applied methodological approaches, it is possible to obtain the following results: to justify the number of participants of technological interaction; to estimate the degree of their participation at each transition of manufacturing of the final product and its entry into the market; to determine the dependence of the achieved size of sales on the level of validity of decisions made in relation to pricing policy and planned regulation of the pricing process; to provide a reliable assessment of the emerging market demand and supply. These features increase the likelihood of extending the fundamental principles of the theory of neoclassical economics in relation to the little-explored aspects of price policy development in the conditions of technological interaction. In the framework of the process of using methodological approaches, the practical applicability of the scenario approach, focused on the implementation of the goals of technological interaction and manifested in the development of forecast scenarios of pricing policy based on key parameters, the combination of which make it possible to construct potential scenarios.

Epistemological pragmatism of William Kneale as an alternative to strict verificationism

Ogleznev Vitaliy Vasilyevich — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article presents William Kneale’s epistemological pragmatism as an alternative to strict verificationism discussed at the 1945 symposium of the Aristotelian Society. The focus is on his critique of the traditional verificationist criterion of the Vienna Circle and his argument for knowledge as a flexible rather than strictly empirical process. Kneale challenges the view that the meaningfulness of statements is determined by their verifiability and demonstrates that knowledge can exist without explicit hypothesis testing. Unlike Friedrich Waismann, who sought to modernize verificationism, Kneale highlights its limitations. He also disputes Donald MacKinnon’s position, which linked verification to a priori knowledge and the universal subject-predicate structure of language. The analysis of these opposing views shows that the 1945 symposium was a significant milestone in analytic philosophy, anticipating contemporary discussions on meaningfulness, knowledge justification, and the limits of empirical verification.

Externalism and knowledge: how to follow rules

Kardash Aleksey Mikhaylovich — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the paper is to show that Kripke-Wittgenstein’s rule-following paradox assumes the premise of epistemic internalism that inappropriately restricting the admissible answers about how agents can know the rules or meanings of linguistic expressions. It is argued that the rule-following problem does not concern knowledge of rules or meaning in general, but only the attribution of propositional knowledge according to internalist criteria. It is considered how the rejection of the internalist premise in Evgeny Borisov’s direct solution avoids the criticism put forward by Andrei Nehaev.

Towards a reconstruction of Nietzschean Ontology

Moskovets Semyon Andreevich — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article is devoted to an attempt to reconstruct Nietzschean ontology presented as an ontology of becoming an eternally reccurning ‘whole’. The article is divided into several sections. The first section is devoted to the category of becoming as a basic concept in Nietzschean ontology and presents a consideration of becoming through the idea of the ‘whole’. The second section analyses the idea of eternal recurrence that gives a temporal dimension to Nietzschean ontology, and examines Nietzsche’s main arguments illustrating how eternal recurrence works. The third section analyses the will to power as a cosmological principle of his ontology. The final section offers a brief reconstruction of Nietzschean ontology, bringing together all the ideas and categories presented.

Nietzsche’s readings on Spinoza: a contextualist study, particularly on the reception of Kuno Fischer

Sommer Andreas Urs; Moskovets Semyon Andreevich — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Nietzsche’s relation to Spinoza is highly puzzling. It was based mainly on secondary sources. This article explores for the first time what impact Nietzsche’s reading about Spinoza – particularly of Kuno Fischer’s History of Modern Philosophy — had on his conceptions. First, I consider how Nietzsche found a brother-in-arms in Spinoza upon leaving teleology behind. Second, I examine Nietzsche’s concept of eternal recurrence in the context of Spinoza’s teaching as it was presented by Fischer. Third, I investigate the relation between Nietzsche’s amor fati and Spinoza’s amor intellectualis dei. Finally, I discuss how the Spinozist concept of self-preservation (as it was modeled and discussed in nineteenth-century Spinoza research) became in the horizon of evolutionary theory a critical point for Nietzsche. It turns out that the knowledge of Nietzsche’s sources is fundamental for an adequate understanding of the use Nietzsche made of Spinoza’s philosophy. The article thus tries to find a new approach to Nietzsche’s Spinoza with the help of the contemporary sources he used.

Hannah Arendt: Eros for freedom of thought and love for political freedom

Moreault F.; Zharinov Semen Aleksandrovich — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines the concept of love in the political theory of Hannah Arendt. The author focuses not on love-passion, which is a limited to the private sphere, but on political love, which Arendt presents in two forms associated with two forms of freedom: love for freedom of thought and love for political freedom. The author shows how Arendt, based on Socrates’ reflections on eros as a desire for what is lacking and his «two-in-one» principle, develops her own concept of the activity of thinking, aimed not at knowing the object, but at understanding it, and based not on unity, but on plurality. Thinking about freedom in this context turns out to be thinking about an object worthy of love in order to understand its meaning. The author also analyzes Arendt’s concept of political action, the principle of which is similarly eros – love for political freedom. In the course of the text, the author compares Arendt’s ideas with the ideas of Socrates, Augustine, Montesquieu, Kant, Levinas and Heidegger. In addition, Arendt's appeal to the poetic works of Goethe and Rilke is considered.

Polymorphous concepts

Urmson J. O.; Nekhaev Andrei Viktorovich, Nekhaeva Iraida Nikolaevna — Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article attempts to clarify the criteria for Ryle’s class of polymorphous concepts. Ryle calls paradigmatic examples of the class such concepts as working and thinking. A common characteristic feature of polymorphous concepts is that in propositions of the form ‘P performs X’ one can always substitute a kind of specific activities in place of X, but there no one kind of activity every case of which is necessarily X-ing.